Rebar End Portion Retainer Apparatus

ABSTRACT

Generally, the inventive technology relates to the field of bar retention. More specifically, the inventive technology, in embodiments, relates to rebar end portion retainer apparatus and rebar retention methods that may find particular application in, e.g., the reinforced structure construction industry. Particular embodiments of the inventive technology may be intended for the retention (under load, of course) of only one reinforcing bar, with an enlarged flange for anchoring the end of one reinforcing bar, perhaps at an outer surface of, or within, e.g., a concrete slab.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/397,933, filed on Mar. 4, 2009, published on Jul. 16, 2009 asUS-2009-0180828-A1, said patent application itself a continuation ofprior International Patent Application Number PCT/US2009/031306, filedJan. 16, 2009, and published on Jul. 23, 2009 as WO2009/092019A1, saidinternational application itself claiming benefit of and priority toU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/021,505, filed 16 Jan., 2008,all said applications incorporated herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

In reinforced concrete construction, including buildings, bridges, andother structures, reinforcing steel (e.g., rebar) is used to resisttensile and shear stresses. Since the concrete is relatively inefficientin resisting or withstanding such stresses, reinforcing steel is addedwhere these stresses occur in a structure to significantly increase theoverall strength of the structure. In addition to adding strength to astructure, reinforcing steel also enhances the ductility of thestructure. In other words, it increases the structure's ability toabsorb energy, which is a desirable characteristic for any structurethat may be subject to, e.g., seismic forces.

In many structures, for the reinforcing steel to be effective, thereinforcing steel must “continuously” extend for a certain length,meaning that it must not have any discontinuities at any point alongthat given length. If this length is greater than the length of a barthat can reasonably be placed into position, the reinforcing steel barmust be “spliced” (or connected end-to-end) with another length ofreinforcing steel bar. Typically, this splice is created by lapping thetwo reinforcing bars creating a “lap splice.” The length of the overlapof the lap splice is governed by commonly accepted codes and standardsand depends on numerous factors including, but not limited to,reinforcing bar diameter, grade of reinforcing bar, compressive strengthof concrete, concrete cover. The most common standard in the US, fromwhich many codes are formed, is “Building Code Requirements forStructural Concrete” by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), morecommonly know as ACI 318. ACI 318 provides for three types ofsplices—lap splices, mechanical splices, and welded splices. ACI 318requires mechanical and welded splices—in addition to lap splices—to becapable of withstanding, in tension or compression, a design force suchas 125% of the force that would cause a stress equal to the yieldstrength of the spliced reinforcing bar. The device of the inventivetechnology falls into the category of a mechanical splice; it must havea design strength such that it can withstand, without failure, 125% ofthe yield strength of the reinforcing bar.

Another common occurrence in concrete construction is the need toterminate a reinforcing bar at a specific location in or at the end ofthe structure. Often the entire strength of the reinforcing bar isrequired a short distance from the end of the bar. However, becauseforces are transferred from the reinforcing bar to the concreteprimarily by the mechanical keying of the reinforcing bar deformations,a certain length of bar, and therefore a certain number of deformations,is required to develop the full strength of the bar. ACI 318 refers tothe length as the “development length” of the bar. When the developmentlength of the bar exceeds the distance from the end of the bar to thepoint where the full strength of the bar is required, special provisionsmust be employed to shorten the development length of the bar.Typically, this is done by creating a bend, or hook, in the reinforcingbar. Another viable option is to use a mechanical anchor, which istypically flanged to engage more concrete (thereby coupling the bar tothe concrete) and which can develop 125% of the capacity of the bar at apoint where such strength is needed. Without such provisions, adequatestrengths are not observed at all locations needed. Particularembodiments of the inventive technology, such as those depicted in FIG.2, are able to provide code strengths (design strength) at such“terminal” locations.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Particular embodiments of the inventive technology provide a device thatmay be described as a rebar end portion retainer apparatus comprising: arigid contiguity defining a longitudinal axis, and having two ends, anopening at a first of said two ends and a chamber extending in thecontiguity from said opening for reception of an end portion of rebar; aflange established at a second of said two ends; said chamber beingdefined by an interior wall of said rigid contiguity and a terminal endestablished as part of said contiguity; an end portion of rebarestablished in said chamber, said rebar having rebar deformationsdefining a largest rebar outer diameter; adhesive established betweensaid interior wall of said rigid contiguity and said end portion of saidrebar; a fluid outlet port associated with said chamber and enablingflow of adhesive from said chamber to an environment external of saidchamber when the end portion of said rebar is inserted into the chamber;interior wall deformations of said interior wall defined by peaks andvalleys, wherein said peaks define a smallest interior wall diameter ofsaid interior wall, said smallest interior wall diameter being largerthan said largest rebar outer diameter such that said end portion ofsaid rebar is capable of being inserted a substantial distance into saidchamber manually, without rotation of said end portion of said rebar,and is immediately removable from said chamber manually, withoutrotation of said end portion of said rebar. In certain preferredembodiments, the smallest diameter of the chambers, occurring at the topof the deformations (e.g., the most intra-radial portion of thedeformations), may be slightly larger than the diameter of thereinforcing bar. An adhesive (a non-cementitious material) may be placedinto the holes and, thereafter, the reinforcing bar may be inserted intothe hole, thereby forcing the adhesive into the valleys formed by thedeformations of the device. As is the case with other reinforcementsplices, two important functionalities of the inventive technology arethe transfer of tensile forces from the reinforcing bar to thematerial/object (concrete foundation, as but one example) in which thecontiguity is established (and against which the flange may be forcedwhen, e.g., a tensile force is applied to the rebar).

In embodiments with deformations of the inner surface of the contiguity,such deformations may serve several functions. First, the deformations(in particular their size relative to the reinforcing bar and the gapformed thereby) may be sized to provide passages through which theadhesive can flow to surround the entire reinforcing bar. Such, as anancillary functionality, increases the surface area of the bar that isin contact with the adhesive, allowing more bonding between the adhesiveand the reinforcing bar. Additionally, the deformations provide amechanical anchorage for the adhesive. The deformations mechanicallyengage the adhesive to resist the tendency of the adhesive to bewithdrawn from the device when a tension force is applied to thereinforcing bar. As should be understood, in particular embodiments ofthe inventive technology, deformations on the inner surface of the holesaid in force transfer through wedging action on the cured adhesive. Itis also of note that no special tools are required for installation andthat no special treatment of the deformed reinforcing bars is requiredfor installation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of at least one embodiment of theinventive technology.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of at least one embodiment of theinventive technology usable at the end of a concrete structure.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of at least one embodiment of theinventive technology, in particular showing the forces observed inresponse to a tensile force applied to the bar, where such forces areapplied by the deformations on the outside of reinforcing barestablished inside the coupler, through cured adhesive to thedeformations on the inside of an inventive coupler.

FIG. 4A shows a side view of at least one embodiment of the inventivetechnology in use coupling two bars.

FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional side view of at least one embodiment ofthe inventive technology in use coupling two bars.

FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional side view of at least one sleeveembodiment of the inventive technology.

FIG. 5B shows a cross-sectional side view of at least one single barembodiment of the inventive technology.

FIG. 5C shows a side view of at least one sleeve embodiment of theinventive technology.

FIG. 5D shows a side view of at least one single bar embodiment of theinventive technology.

FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional side view of a portion of the single ortwo bar apparatus, showing deformations as may be found in certainembodiments of the inventive technology. Of course, a myriad of otherpossible deformations may be used.

FIG. 6B shows a cross-sectional side view of a portion of the single ortwo bar apparatus, showing deformations as may be found in certainembodiments of the inventive technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As mentioned earlier, the present invention includes a variety ofaspects, which may be combined in different ways. The followingdescriptions are provided to list elements and describe some of theembodiments of the present invention. These elements are listed withinitial embodiments, however it should be understood that they may becombined in any manner and in any number to create additionalembodiments. The variously described examples and preferred embodimentsshould not be construed to limit the present invention to only theexplicitly described systems, techniques, and applications. Further,this description should be understood to support and encompassdescriptions and claims of all the various embodiments, systems,techniques, methods, devices, and applications with any number of thedisclosed elements, with each element alone, and also with any and allvarious permutations and combinations of all elements in this or anysubsequent application.

At least one embodiment of the inventive technology may be described asa bar coupling sleeve apparatus that comprises: a rigid contiguity 1defining a longitudinal axis 6, and having two ends 7 and an opening 9at each the ends for reception of bar end portions (e.g., rebar endportions); a fluid impervious barrier 8 (through which, of course, fluidcannot pass) established as part of the contiguity to define an end ofeach of two fluidically non-communicative chambers 10 within thecontiguity, each of the chambers sized to accommodate a different one ofthe bar end portions and a curable wet fluid (e.g., adhesive) 3; and twofluid outlet ports 4, each associated with a different one of thechambers, and each enabling fluidic communication (the passage of afluid such as air or adhesive) between its associated chamber and anenvironment external 20 of the contiguity. As in certain otherembodiments, each of the two fluid outlet ports may enable fluidiccommunication between the environment and a barrier proximal end portion21 of its associated chamber. Further, the curable wet fluid (e.g.,adhesive such as epoxy), upon curing, retains the bar end portions in adifferent one of the chambers. Of course, fluid can not directly passfrom one fluidically non-communicative chamber to the other (atheoretically possible passage of air from one chamber, out itsassociated fluid outlet port, out to the environment external of thecontiguity, and then through a fluid port associated with a differentchamber is not considered a type of fluidic communication that the term“fluidically non-communicative” excludes; the term primarily excludesany sort of fluid port through a barrier between the two chambers).

At least one embodiment of the inventive technology may be described asa bar coupling sleeve apparatus that comprises: a rigid contiguity 1defining a longitudinal axis 6 and two fluidically non-communicativechambers 10, each having an opening 9 for non-contact reception of anend portion 2 of bar of a design size; a fluid impervious barrier 8established as part of the contiguity to define an end of each of thetwo fluidically non-communicative chambers; and deformations 5established on interior walls 22 that at least partially define thechambers (perhaps it is also defined by walls of a fluid imperviousbarrier), wherein the interior walls and the deformations are sized sothat the end portions of the bar of design size may be establishedwithin the chambers without contacting the deformations. A bar of designsize is the bar for which a coupling apparatus is intended; in certainembodiments, the interior surface of such apparatus may allow for aclearance of from 1 mm to 10 mm (as one exemplary, but preferred, range)between the bar and the deformations. Of course, merely because a barmay be established within the chambers without contacting thedeformations does not mean that, during field insertion of a bar endinto a chamber of the apparatus, there will definitely not be contact;it merely means that such absence of contact is possible, and thatfluidic clearance between the bar and the inner walls exists.

At least one embodiment of the inventive technology may be described asa bar coupling sleeve apparatus that comprises: a rigid contiguity 1defining a longitudinal axis 6, and having two ends 7 and openings 9 ateach of the ends for reception of bar end portions; at least one fluidoutlet port 4, each enabling fluidic communication between anenvironment 20 external of the contiguity and one of two chambers 10,each of which is at least partially defined by interior walls 22 of thecontiguity; and deformations 5 established on the interior walls 22,wherein the each fluid outlet port 4 is established substantially at aclosed end (e.g., a barrier proximal end 21) of a different one of thechambers. It is of note that the apparatus, in particular embodiments,has a total of two chambers; such chambers may be fluidicallynon-communicative. The apparatus may further comprise a fluid imperviousbarrier 8 established as part of the contiguity to define an end of eachof the two fluidically non-communicative chambers. It is also of notethat, particularly in the two chamber embodiments, the at least onefluid outlet port may comprise at least two fluid outlet ports, eachestablished substantially at a longitudinal midpoint of the rigidcontiguity and each enabling fluidic communication between anenvironment external of the contiguity and a chamber at least partiallydefined by interior walls of the contiguity. It is of note that the term“substantially at a longitudinal midpoint of the rigid contiguity”includes up to a ¼ length portion centered at the midpoint.

At least one embodiment of the inventive technology may be described asa bar coupling sleeve apparatus that comprises: a rigid contiguity 1defining a longitudinal axis 6 and having two ends 7 and openings 9 atboth the ends for reception of bar end portions 2; and a fluidimpervious barrier 8 established as part of the contiguity to define anend of each of two fluidically non-communicative chambers 10 within thecontiguity, each of the chambers sized to accommodate a different one ofthe bar end portions. As in other embodiments, each of the chambers issized to also accommodate a curable wet fluid (e.g., adhesive such asepoxy). The apparatus may further comprise two fluid outlet ports 4,each associated with a different one of the chambers, and each enablingfluidic communication between its associated chamber and an environmentexternal of the contiguity. Each of such two fluid outlet ports mayenable fluidic communication between an environment external of thecontiguity and a barrier proximal end portion of its associated chamber.

At least one embodiment of the inventive technology, more particularlyfocusing on the single bar retention apparatus, may be described as abar end portion retainer apparatus that comprises: a rigid contiguity 11defining a chamber 30 that has an opening 39 at a first end of thecontiguity for reception of a bar end portion 2; a flange 16 establishedat a second end 34 of the rigid contiguity; and a fluid outlet port 14enabling fluidic communication between the chamber 30 and an environment20 external of the contiguity. In particular embodiments, the fluidoutlet port is established proximal a terminal end 35 of the chamber 30.

At least one embodiment of the inventive technology, more particularlyfocusing on the single bar retention apparatus, may be described as abar end portion retainer apparatus that comprises: a rigid contiguity 11defining a chamber 30 that has an opening 39 at a first end 40 of thecontiguity for reception of a bar end portion 22; a flange 16established at a second end 34 of the rigid contiguity; and deformations5 established on interior walls 22 that at least partially define thechamber. The apparatus may further comprise a fluid outlet port 14enabling fluidic communication between the chamber and an environmentexternal of the contiguity 20; such fluid outlet port may be establishedproximal a terminal end of the chamber 35. As with other embodiments,interior walls and the deformations may be sized so that a bar endportion of design size may be established within the chambers withoutcontacting the deformations.

Of course, in any of the embodiments disclosed herein deformations maybe established on interior walls 22 that at least partially define thechambers. Interior walls and the deformations are typically (but notnecessarily always) sized so that the end portions of the bar of designsize may be established within the chambers without contacting thedeformations. A cross-section of the deformations in a plane that isparallel to the longitudinal axis (see FIGS. 6A and 6B) may show apattern having at least one section that defines a normal vector 50 that(a) has a component that is opposite to a bar withdrawal direction 51;and that (b) is at least 20 degrees (see angle 53) relative to a plane54 that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. Such at least onesection (that defines a normal vector with a component havinglimitations (a) and (b)) may be either curved (see, e.g., FIG. 6A) orlinear (see, e.g., FIG. 6B). The at least one section may define atleast one valley 55, and the at least one section may be repeated. It isof note that even if the entire vector is in a certain direction, thatit is still said that such vector has a component in that certaindirection. Deformations can be made in a number of known ways, includingbut not limited to mechanical stress induced deformations, materialaddition (material addition is considered a type of deformation).Further, deformations can be of a myriad of shapes; shown in the figuresare only a few examples. It is also of note that even a chamber having asubstantially circular cross-section (whether with deformations orwithout) is viewed as having walls (plural).

In certain preferred embodiments, insertion of adhesive 3 (e.g., epoxy)into the chambers, and subsequent insertion of the bar end portions intothe chamber, results in a design strength coupling after curing. Inpreferred embodiments, the adhesive is insertable into the chamberswithout pressure (application of a caulking gun is not considered apressurized insertion, as the adhesive, after exiting the gun and whilebeing deposited into the chamber, is not under pressure). It is of notethat, in preferred embodiments, design strength is achievable withoutheat application or welding.

In certain embodiments having fluid outlet ports, the apparatus may bethe to be configured such that when adhesive (e.g., epoxy) is insertedinto the chambers and then a different one of the bar end portions isthereafter inserted into the adhesive containing chambers, fluid flowsthrough the fluid outlet ports 4, 14. Indeed, the inventive apparatusmay be described as including adhesive established in the chamber(s).

Of course, as alluded to throughout this description, a primary, but notexclusive, application of the various inventive technologies is rebarcoupling and rebar retention. As such, the bar end portion(s) compriserebar end portions. It is also of note that in those embodiments with abarrier (e.g., a fluid impervious barrier 8), such barrier may be anintegral part of the contiguity (e.g., instead of being screwed orsnapped into place, it is, for example, molded concurrently with themolding of the entire contiguity). The contiguity itself may be madefrom any of a number of materials, a metal such as steel beingpreferred, but certainly not the only option.

At least one embodiment of the inventive method technology may bedescribed as a bar retention method that comprises the steps of:pressure-free packing adhesive 3 in each bar accommodative chamber 10,30 of a rigid contiguity; then manually establishing a bar end portion 2in each the chamber 30 while expelling fluid through a fluid outlet port4, 14; and then curing, without heat application, the adhesive toachieve a design strength. It is of note that design strength, as usedherein, may be governed by applicable code. Further, the term“pressure-free packing adhesive” merely implies placement of adhesiveinto the chamber without the need to overcome a pressure inside thechamber.

In those method embodiments where the rigid contiguity defines only onebar accommodative chamber, the step of pressure-free packing adhesive ineach bar accommodative chamber of a rigid contiguity may comprise thestep of pressure-free packing adhesive in the only one bar accommodativechamber of the rigid contiguity (see FIG. 5B, e.g.). As in other singlechamber embodiments, the rigid contiguity may comprise a flange.

In those method embodiments where the rigid contiguity defines only twobar accommodative chambers, the step of pressure-free packing adhesivein each bar accommodative chamber of a rigid contiguity may comprise thestep of pressure-free packing adhesive in the only two bar accommodativechambers of the rigid contiguity (see FIG. 5A, e.g.). Of course, as inother two chamber embodiments, the rigid contiguity may be described asa sleeve. Regardless of the number of chambers, the step of manuallyexpelling fluid may comprise the step of manually expelling adhesiveand/or air (e.g., through fluid outlet port(s)).

At least one embodiment of the inventive method technology may bedescribed as a bar retention method that comprises the steps of:pressure-free packing adhesive 3 in each bar accommodative chamber 10,30 of a rigid contiguity 1, 11; manually establishing a bar end portion2 in each the chamber; and curing, without heat application, theadhesive to achieve a design strength. In embodiments where the rigidcontiguity defines only one bar accommodative chamber, the rigidcontiguity may comprise a flange 16; in embodiments where the rigidcontiguity defines only two bar accommodative chambers, the rigidcontiguity may be a sleeve. Regardless of the number of chambers, thestep of expelling fluid (air and/or adhesive) through a fluid outletport may be performed while performing the step of manuallyestablishing. In certain embodiments, the step of manually establishingis performed after the step of pressure-free packing adhesive.

In any of the method embodiments, it is preferred that the method doesnot comprise the step of welding or applying heat. Also, in preferredembodiments, whether method or apparatus, end caps (that cap the openend of the chamber(s)), whether integral to the contiguity or not, arenot used or needed. Further, in certain embodiments, the step ofmanually establishing can be performed without contacting walls 22 ofeach bar accommodative chamber, and each bar accommodative chamber is atleast partially defined by interior walls with deformations. Of course,such deformations may be oriented as described elsewhere in thisapplication.

It is of note that in any of the embodiments, specialized equipment(e.g., welder, pressurized adhesive applicators) may not be required (acaulking gun is not considered specialized equipment). Further,preferred embodiments do not require any screwing of any parts, asthreads are preferably absent from preferred embodiments. Additionally,it should be clear that the sleeve apparatus may be used to couple abars of different diameters. In such case, the internal diameter of thechambers may be different (although different, but closely sized rebarmight not require such a difference in diameter).

As can be easily understood from the foregoing, the basic concepts ofthe present invention may be embodied in a variety of ways. It involvesboth coupling techniques as well as devices to accomplish theappropriate coupling. In this application, the coupling techniques aredisclosed as part of the results shown to be achieved by the variousdevices described and as steps which are inherent to utilization. Theyare simply the natural result of utilizing the devices as intended anddescribed. In addition, while some devices are disclosed, it should beunderstood that these not only accomplish certain methods but also canbe varied in a number of ways. Importantly, as to all of the foregoing,all of these facets should be understood to be encompassed by thisdisclosure.

The discussion included in this application is intended to serve as abasic description. The reader should be aware that the specificdiscussion may not explicitly describe all embodiments possible; manyalternatives are implicit. It also may not fully explain the genericnature of the invention and may not explicitly show how each feature orelement can actually be representative of a broader function or of agreat variety of alternative or equivalent elements. Again, these areimplicitly included in this disclosure. Where the invention is describedin device-oriented terminology, each element of the device implicitlyperforms a function. Apparatus claims may not only be included for thedevice described, but also method or process claims may be included toaddress the functions the invention and each element performs. Neitherthe description nor the terminology is intended to limit the scope ofthe claims that will be included in any subsequent patent application.

It should also be understood that a variety of changes may be madewithout departing from the essence of the invention. Such changes arealso implicitly included in the description. They still fall within thescope of this invention. A broad disclosure encompassing both theexplicit embodiment(s) shown, the great variety of implicit alternativeembodiments, and the broad methods or processes and the like areencompassed by this disclosure and may be relied upon when drafting theclaims for any subsequent patent application. It should be understoodthat such language changes and broader or more detailed claiming may beaccomplished at a later date (such as by any required deadline) or inthe event the applicant subsequently seeks a patent filing based on thisfiling. With this understanding, the reader should be aware that thisdisclosure is to be understood to support any subsequently filed patentapplication that may seek examination of as broad a base of claims asdeemed within the applicant's right and may be designed to yield apatent covering numerous aspects of the invention both independently andas an overall system.

Further, each of the various elements of the invention and claims mayalso be achieved in a variety of manners. Additionally, when used orimplied, an element is to be understood as encompassing individual aswell as plural structures that may or may not be physically connected.This disclosure should be understood to encompass each such variation,be it a variation of an embodiment of any apparatus embodiment, a methodor process embodiment, or even merely a variation of any element ofthese. Particularly, it should be understood that as the disclosurerelates to elements of the invention, the words for each element may beexpressed by equivalent apparatus terms or method terms—even if only thefunction or result is the same. Such equivalent, broader, or even moregeneric terms should be considered to be encompassed in the descriptionof each element or action. Such terms can be substituted where desiredto make explicit the implicitly broad coverage to which this inventionis entitled. As but one example, it should be understood that allactions may be expressed as a means for taking that action or as anelement which causes that action. Similarly, each physical elementdisclosed should be understood to encompass a disclosure of the actionwhich that physical element facilitates. Regarding this last aspect, asbut one example, the disclosure of a “coupler” should be understood toencompass disclosure of the act of “coupling”—whether explicitlydiscussed or not—and, conversely, were there effectively disclosure ofthe act of “coupling”, such a disclosure should be understood toencompass disclosure of a “coupling” and even a “means for coupling”Such changes and alternative terms are to be understood to be explicitlyincluded in the description.

Any acts of law, statutes, regulations, or rules mentioned in thisapplication for patent; or patents, publications, or other referencesmentioned in this application for patent are hereby incorporated byreference. Any priority case(s) claimed by this application is herebyappended and hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, as to eachterm used it should be understood that unless its utilization in thisapplication is inconsistent with a broadly supporting interpretation,common dictionary definitions should be understood as incorporated foreach term and all definitions, alternative terms, and synonyms such ascontained in the Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, secondedition are hereby incorporated by reference. Finally, all referenceslisted in the list of References To Be Incorporated By Reference InAccordance With The Patent Application or other information statementfiled with the application are hereby appended and hereby incorporatedby reference, however, as to each of the above, to the extent that suchinformation or statements incorporated by reference might be consideredinconsistent with the patenting of this/these invention(s) suchstatements are expressly not to be considered as made by theapplicant(s).

Thus, the applicant(s) should be understood to have support to claim andmake a statement of invention to at least: i) each of the couplerdevices as herein disclosed and described, ii) the related methodsdisclosed and described, iii) similar, equivalent, and even implicitvariations of each of these devices and methods, iv) those alternativedesigns which accomplish each of the functions shown as are disclosedand described, v) those alternative designs and methods which accomplisheach of the functions shown as are implicit to accomplish that which isdisclosed and described, vi) each feature, component, and step shown asseparate and independent inventions, vii) the applications enhanced bythe various systems or components disclosed, viii) the resultingproducts produced by such systems or components, ix) each system,method, and element shown or described as now applied to any specificfield or devices mentioned, x) methods and apparatuses substantially asdescribed hereinbefore and with reference to any of the accompanyingexamples, xi) the various combinations and permutations of each of theelements disclosed, xii) each potentially dependent claim or concept asa dependency on each and every one of the independent claims or conceptspresented, and xiii) all inventions described herein.

With regard to claims whether now or later presented for examination, itshould be understood that for practical reasons and so as to avoid greatexpansion of the examination burden, the applicant may at any timepresent only initial claims or perhaps only initial claims with onlyinitial dependencies. The office and any third persons interested inpotential scope of this or subsequent applications should understandthat broader claims may be presented at a later date in this case, in acase claiming the benefit of this case, or in any continuation in spiteof any preliminary amendments, other amendments, claim language, orarguments presented, thus throughout the pendency of any case there isno intention to disclaim or surrender any potential subject matter. Itshould be understood that if or when broader claims are presented, suchmay require that any relevant prior art that may have been considered atany prior time may need to be re-visited since it is possible that tothe extent any amendments, claim language, or arguments presented inthis or any subsequent application are considered as made to avoid suchprior art, such reasons may be eliminated by later presented claims orthe like. Both the examiner and any person otherwise interested inexisting or later potential coverage, or considering if there has at anytime been any possibility of an indication of disclaimer or surrender ofpotential coverage, should be aware that no such surrender or disclaimeris ever intended or ever exists in this or any subsequent application.Limitations such as arose in Hakim v. Cannon Avent Group, PLC, 479 F.3d1313 (Fed. Cir 2007), or the like are expressly not intended in this orany subsequent related matter. In addition, support should be understoodto exist to the degree required under new matter laws—including but notlimited to European Patent Convention Article 123(2) and United StatesPatent Law 35 USC 132 or other such laws—to permit the addition of anyof the various dependencies or other elements presented under oneindependent claim or concept as dependencies or elements under any otherindependent claim or concept. In drafting any claims at any time whetherin this application or in any subsequent application, it should also beunderstood that the applicant has intended to capture as full and broada scope of coverage as legally available. To the extent thatinsubstantial substitutes are made, to the extent that the applicant didnot in fact draft any claim so as to literally encompass any particularembodiment, and to the extent otherwise applicable, the applicant shouldnot be understood to have in any way intended to or actuallyrelinquished such coverage as the applicant simply may not have beenable to anticipate all eventualities; one skilled in the art, should notbe reasonably expected to have drafted a claim that would have literallyencompassed such alternative embodiments.

Further, if or when used, the use of the transitional phrase“comprising” is used to maintain the “open-end” claims herein, accordingto traditional claim interpretation. Thus, unless the context requiresotherwise, it should be understood that the term “comprise” orvariations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, are intended to implythe inclusion of a stated element or step or group of elements or stepsbut not the exclusion of any other element or step or group of elementsor steps. Such terms should be interpreted in their most expansive formso as to afford the applicant the broadest coverage legally permissible.

Finally, any claims set forth at any time are hereby incorporated byreference as part of this description of the invention, and theapplicant expressly reserves the right to use all of or a portion ofsuch incorporated content of such claims as additional description tosupport any of or all of the claims or any element or component thereof,and the applicant further expressly reserves the right to move anyportion of or all of the incorporated content of such claims or anyelement or component thereof from the description into the claims orvice-versa as necessary to define the matter for which protection issought by this application or by any subsequent continuation, division,or continuation-in-part application thereof, or to obtain any benefitof, reduction in fees pursuant to, or to comply with the patent laws,rules, or regulations of any country or treaty, and such contentincorporated by reference shall survive during the entire pendency ofthis application including any subsequent continuation, division, orcontinuation-in-part application thereof or any reissue or extensionthereon.

1-130. (canceled)
 131. A rebar end portion retainer apparatuscomprising: a rigid contiguity defining a longitudinal axis, and havingtwo ends, an opening at a first of said two ends and a chamber extendingin the contiguity from said opening for reception of an end portion ofrebar; a flange established at a second of said two ends; said chamberbeing defined by an interior wall of said rigid contiguity and aterminal end established as part of said contiguity; an end portion ofrebar established in said chamber, said rebar having rebar deformationsdefining a largest rebar outer diameter; adhesive established betweensaid interior wall of said rigid contiguity and said end portion of saidrebar; a fluid outlet port associated with said chamber and enablingflow of adhesive from said chamber to an environment external of saidchamber when the end portion of said rebar is inserted into the chamber;and interior wall deformations of said interior wall defined by peaksand valleys, wherein said peaks define a smallest interior wall diameterof said interior wall, said smallest interior wall diameter being largerthan said largest rebar outer diameter such that said end portion ofsaid rebar is capable of being inserted a substantial distance into saidchamber manually, without rotation of said end portion of said rebar,and is immediately removable from said chamber manually, withoutrotation of said end portion of said rebar.
 132. A rebar end portionretainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein said fluid outletport is established proximal said terminal end.
 133. A rebar end portionretainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein said apparatus isconfigured such that when adhesive is inserted into said chamber andthen said portion of said rebar is thereafter inserted into saidadhesive containing chamber, some adhesive flows through said fluidoutlet port.
 134. A rebar end portion retainer apparatus as described inclaim 131 wherein said adhesive is epoxy.
 135. A rebar end portionretainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein insertion ofadhesive into said chamber, and subsequent insertion of said end portionof said rebar into said chamber results in a design strength rebarretention after curing of said adhesive.
 136. A rebar end portionretainer apparatus as described in claim 135 wherein said designstrength is achievable without heat application.
 137. A rebar endportion retainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein saidadhesive is insertable into said chamber without pressure.
 138. A rebarend portion retainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein theonly material established between said end portion of said rebar andsaid interior wall deformations is said adhesive.
 139. A rebar endportion retainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein saidinterior wall deformations are annular.
 140. A rebar end portionretainer apparatus as described in claim 131 wherein said interior walldeformations are non-threaded.
 141. A rebar end portion retainerapparatus as described in claim 131 wherein a cross-section of saiddeformations in a plane that is parallel to said longitudinal axis showsa pattern having at least one section that defines a normal vector that(a) has a component that is opposite to a bar withdrawal direction; andthat (b) is at least 20 degrees relative to a plane that is orthogonalto said longitudinal axis.
 142. A rebar end portion retainer apparatusas described in claim 141 wherein said at least one section that definesa normal vector having component with said limitations (a) and (b) iscurved or linear.
 143. A rebar end portion retainer apparatus asdescribed in claim 131 wherein said adhesive, upon curing, alone retainssaid end portion of said rebar in said chamber.